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Overview |
Whereas proprietary software tends to be all-encompassing, Open-Source Software (OSS) programs generally address small pieces of functionality. They are easier to build, use, combine, debug, update and replace, and they do a better job. The scope and functional perimeter of an OSS is determined (by the needs of the users) to provide the highest level of utility at the lowest organizational and development cost. OSS is thus highly modular, and it is so in a smart fashion. In contrast, the scope of commercial software is determined by concerns of marketability, selling price and profit maximization which lead to over-integration, arbitrary modularization, high overheads and poorer quality (reluctance to fix or discard). A series of OSS tools integrated or manned in a modular fashion provides better results, requires less skills, preserves flexibility and enables outsourcing. The modularity experienced at the user level stems from the modular nature of the OSS development model which allows concurrent engineering, division of labor, decentralized development, and innovation via "module based evolutionary dynamics". [back]
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